Precast Concrete: Enhancing Sustainability and Structural Efficiency

Abstract

Precast concrete has become a revolutionary technology in the building sector, with major benefits in efficiency, longevity, and sustainability. This article provides an in-depth review of precast concrete, evaluating its advantages, structural behavior, and innovative uses in contemporary infrastructure. The research emphasizes material science breakthroughs, such as high-performance and ultra-high-performance concrete, and digitalization through Building Information Modeling (BIM) and automation. In addition, major challenges including transportation logistics, joint performance, and seismic adaptability are explored. Issues of environmental sustainability concerning carbon emissions and material wastage are also addressed, including the use of sustainable alternatives such as recycled aggregates and geopolymer concrete. The review finishes by presenting directions for future research in optimizing supply chain management, seismic resilience, and further incorporation of smart monitoring systems to enhance long-term structural performance. As the industry continues to evolve, precast concrete has the potential to be at the forefront of developing the future of resilient and sustainable building practices.