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A Review on Porcine Circovirus Type 3

Mr. Yatesh Raghunath Patil, Mr. Roshan M. Chaudhari, Mr. Hitendra S. Chaudhari, Dr. S.P. Pawar

Abstract


Porcine circovirus 3 (PCV3) is a recently discovered virus in the Circoviridae family that belongs to the genus Circovirus. Since the initial detection of PCV3 in domestic pigs in the United States in 2016, significant work on PCV3 has highlighted the virus's significance. The purpose of this review is to discuss new developments in PCV3 molecular features, genetic diversity, evolutionary history, detection methods, and pathophysiology. The virus spreads rapidly across practically all tissues of pigs and wild boars in diverse areas, with the infection gradually increasing. A genetically distinct porcine circovirus known as PCV3 was discovered through metagenomic sequencing, and this pathogen has been connected to clinical signs of PDNS, cardiac and multiorgan inflammation, and reproductive failure. Furthermore, the presence of PCV3 in ticks and other animals suggests that the virus can spread across species and has an exceptionally wide range of distribution and circulation in the wild, where it can infect humans or even the swine industry through these animals that could act as reservoirs. Moreover, a variety of detection methods that are able to detect PCV3 in particular or separate it from other viruses are investigated. The current review includes up-to-date information on PCV3- related research. Understanding PCV3 infections and PCV3-related disorders require researchers to identify the dominant strain of PCV3 and its reservoirs.


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References


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