Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Tuberculosis-an overview

Ms. Shrutika Krishnadas Patil, Ms. Hemangi Somnath Chaudhari, Ms. Harshada kailas patil, Ms. Pallavi Bhilaji Jire

Abstract


Tuberculosis (TB), caused by germs from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, is one of the oldest diseases known to afflict people and a leading cause of death globally. Tuberculosis remains a severe threat to the human population, and according to the World Health Organization, tuberculosis is the leading cause of death in the world after HIV/AIDS. Tuberculosis is more prevalent in low-income and marginalized communities. In India, the National Strategic Plan (2017e2025) has a national aim of eliminating tuberculosis by 2025. Tuberculosis needs to be more widely known and understood. This review article discusses the history, taxonomy, epidemiology, histology, immunology, etiology, and clinical characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB).This article provides thorough information on diagnostic techniques and algorithms for PTB and EPTB. This article summarizes treatment regimens for sensitive, drug-resistant, and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis, as well as recommended novel medications for multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. This review article aims to improve understanding and raise awareness about tuberculosis, with the goal of eliminating it in the near future.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Kochi, A. The global tuberculosis situation and the new control strategy of the World Health Organization. Tubercle, 72: 1-6 (1991).

Bloch, A.B. et al. The epidemiology of tuberculosis in the United States. Seminar in respiratory infections, 4: 157-170 (1989).

Styblo, K. The global aspects of tuberculosis and HIV infection. Bulletin of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, 65: 28-32(1 990).

Iseman, M.D. & Sbarbaro, J.A. Short-course chemotherapy of tuberculosis. American review of respiratory diseases, 143: 697-698 (1991).

Murray, C.J.L. et al. Health priority review: tuberculosis. In: Dean, T. et al., ed. Disease control priorities in developing countries. New York, Oxford University Press, 1991.

Sharma SK, Mohan A. Tuberculosis: from an incurable scourge to a curable disease- journey over a Millennium. Indian J Med Res. 2013;137:455e493.

Pommerville JC. Alcamo’s Fundamentals of Microbiology. 7th ed. Canada: Jones and Bartlett; 2004:284e289.

Lee JY. Diagnosis and treatment of extrapulmonary Tuberculosis. Tuberc Respir Dis. 2015;78:47e55.

World Health Organization. Definitions and Reporting Frame Work for Tuberculosis: 2013 Revision. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2013 (updated December 2014).

Purohit M, Mustafa T. Laboratory diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in resource- constrained setting: state of the art, challenges and the need. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9:EE01eEE06.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.