Transmission Line Fault Detection Using GSM & Arduino Nano

Abstract

In this project, we are going to design a transmission line monitoring and fault detection system for an overhead transmission line that is capable of monitoring transmission line load current and detecting all four types of faults in transmission line and finding their distance using GSM and display these results on LCD with alert message. Here we also use 4 relays to work as a circuit breaker that isolates or break the transmission line during the fault and a buzzer that gives an alarm for alert.

There are total 4 possible cases in which first case is no fault. During the number fault situation firstly relays close the circuit and power is transmitted to the load through the transmission line. Here the load is consisting of red, green and blue LEDs. Then the current sensor starts taking readings. If there is no fault then all the values of the current is less than pickup current. Noted that here pickup current means the value of the current after which current is considered as fault current and relay will open and isolate the system. For example, we set the pickup current 5 ampere so if our load consumed less than five ampere there is no problem. But if our load consumed greater than or equal to 5 ampere due to any fault or overloading it considered as fault current and relay will open circuit breaker trip and isolate the system. So during no fault LCD displays no fault.

The second case is single line to ground fault. So if we short line 1 red with ground wire at 8 KM to create a single line to ground fault. In this situation the system detect current in line 1 red wire is greater than pickup current. So relays break or isolate the transmission line and buzzer is on for an alert and LCD display type of fault. SMS will be sent on the authority mobile. 

The third case is double line to ground fault. So if we short line red and line green with ground wire at 4 KM to create a double line to ground fault. In this situation the system detects current in line 1 red and current in line green is greater than the pickup current. So relays break or isolate the transmission line. Buzzer is on for an alert and LCD display type of fault. SMS will be sent on the authority mobile.

The fourth case is line to line fault. So if we short line red with line green at six KM to create a line to line fault. In this situation the system detect current in line red and current in line green is greater than the pickup current so release break or isolate the transmission line. Buzzer is on for an alert and LCD display type of fault. SMS will be sent on the authority mobile.