Understanding the Mechanism of Action of Antitussive Drugs

Abstract

Coughing is a natural reflex that assists in clearing the airways of irritants and mucus. Opioid have been used as an effective antitussive compounds namely codeine and hydro condone are helpful in stopping coughing in a wide manner. By binding with mu Opioid receptors, opioid ms stop the release of neurotransmitters particularly participated I'm the cough reflex and decrease the urge to cough. Dextro methorphin ( DXM) is a non_ Opioid derivative that participates in the over the counter cough medications. If performs centrally by blocking N_ methyl_D_ asparate (NMDA) receptors and stopping the transmission of signals in the cough centers. Sodium benzoate and benzonatate are examples of antitussives that act in a peripheral manner. Benzonatate performs by anesthetizing the stretch receptors particularly in the respiratory passages and decrease the sensitivity of the cough reflex. Expectorants namely guaifenesin play major role particularly I'm cough management by thinning mucus and enhancing it's removal. Gaifenesin enhances the volume and decreases the viscosity of respiratory tract secretions and makes cough more productive and less frequent. Cannbinoids namely cannabidiol (CBD) shows promise particularly in pre-clinical studies for their antitussive effects. Anti histamines namely dephenhydramine consist of anti tudsive properties. Drugs such as cromolyn sodium and nedocromil show their action peripheral ly by stabilizing mast cells and inhibiting the release of inflammatory mediators. Finally, it is concluded that antitussive drugs encompass a diverse array of compounds that target different aspects of the cough reflex.