Exploring the Mechanisms of Action of Anti emetic Drugs

Abstract

Antiemetic drugs play an important role in managing the distressing symptoms.  Serotonin receptor antagonists namely ondonsetron and granisetron and perform the work by stopping  ( 5 HT 3 ) receptors in the GIT and CNS. Dopamine is related to the sensation of nausea. Drugs like metaclopramide and prochlorperazine behave as Dopamine receptor antagonists. NK/ receptor antagonists namely aperpitant and fosaprepitant influence the action of substance P in the brain. Cannabinoids namely drombinol and nabilone act on these receptors and modulate thecrelease of neurotransmitters precipitated in the emetic reflex. Anti histamine ( H 1 histamine receptors) are seen in the vestibular system and the CTZ will play a role regarding development of motion sickness and nausea. Antihistamines namely dimenhydrinate and meclizine and decrease these receptors and provide relief from nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness and other vestibular disturbances. Benzodiazepines namely lorazepan show their antiemetic effects through CNS depression. A very few anti emetics namely domperidone behave as prokinetic agents. Prokonetic agents increase gastro intestinal motility and decrease gastric stasis and nausea also. Glucocorticoids namely dexamethasone consists of an anti emetic properties especially in the context of chemotherapy _induced nausea and vomiting. Finally it is concluded that anti emetic drugs provide relief to individuals undergoing various medical treatments.