Flavonoids as Modulators of Gut Integrity and Inflammation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a long-lasting inflammatory disorder of the digestive system. The precise cause of IBD is still unknown, but it includes a complex interaction of genetic, environmental, and immune factors. While conventional treatments primarily focus on managing inflammation and symptoms, their long-term use often leads to significant side effects, prompting a search for alternative therapies. Flavonoids, a diverse group of polyphenolic compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and other plant-based foods, have emerged as potential therapeutic agents due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties. This chapter explores the role of flavonoids in the management of IBD, detailing their mechanisms of action, including the inhibition of key inflammatory signaling pathways, reduction of oxidative stress, modulation of gut microbiota, and regulation of immune responses. Preclinical studies demonstrate the efficacy of various flavonoids in animal models of IBD, while clinical trials present mixed but promising results. Practical considerations for dietary incorporation and supplementation of flavonoids are discussed, along with future research directions aimed at optimizing their therapeutic potential. Integrating flavonoid-rich foods into a balanced diet may offer a natural and holistic approach to support the management of IBD, highlighting the need for further research to establish comprehensive guidelines for their use in clinical practice.