AN OVERVIEW ON ALFUZOSIN HYDROCHLORIDE

Abstract

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) often leads to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), which are a prevalent and distressing concern for adult males. This systematic review evaluated the current evidence on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of alfuzosin, along with its clinical efficacy as a standalone treatment and in combination with other therapeutic agents for addressing male LUTS/BPH. Alfuzosin can be measured in biological fluids and pharmaceutical products using a small number of recognized analytical methods. Using HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry, alfuzosin in human plasma has been identified. Furthermore, three new enantiomers of alfuzosin, doxazosin, and terazosin have been chirally separated using chiral mobile phase HPLC. There have also been reports of other HPLC techniques using fluorescence detection. Alfuzosin's action is specifically localized in the lower urinary tract, minimizing its cardiovascular effects compared to non-selective alpha blockers. The drug is typically administered in extended-release form to ensure sustained therapeutic levels, with a standard dosage of 10 mg once daily. While generally well-tolerated, alfuzosin can cause side effects such as dizziness, hypotension, and fatigue, particularly during the initial stages of treatment. Additionally, caution is recommended for patients with cardiovascular or hepatic conditions due to potential interactions and altered drug metabolism. Overall, alfuzosin HCl provides effective symptom management for BPH by improving urinary flow and quality of life, with a favorable safety profile when used appropriately. Its pharmacokinetics support once-daily dosing, and while it is generally well tolerated, it requires careful monitoring for potential cardiovascular side effects. alfuzosin causes relaxation of the smooth muscle, leading to improved urine flow by reducing the resistance in the urinary tract.