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Determination of Some Heavy Metals in Protein Supplements Marketed in Yemen

Dr. Adel Ahmed Mohammed Saeed, Dr. Mukhtar Mohammed Al-Abyadh, Dr. Hassan Ahmed sharaf, Abdulhafed Mohammed Abdullah, Abeer Abduallah Alqirshy, Budoor Abdulaziz alsharfi, Duaa Amin Alselwi, Haifa Musheer Saif, Maged Farooq Hussein, Rania Ahmed Saeed, Salah Mohammed Qassim, Sali Musheer Saif

Abstract


The nutrition's supplements such as protein supplements are one of some essential elements necessary for human body to improve functions of body, muscle mass, growth, and increase strength. The nutrition's supplements especially protein powder supplements are added to the food. These supplements containing amino acids, vitamins and minerals protein supplement are good and speed up to build and repair muscle strength. The aim of this study is to determine the amount of heavy metals; Cadmium(Cd), Lead (Pb), Zinc (Zn), Chromium (Cr), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), and Aluminum (Al) in three types of protein supplements. Three protein supplement brands (P1, P2, P3) were collected and digested  for  by using 60% Nitric acid to convert samples to inorganic materials. The heavy metal levels in samples were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results showed that highest level of Iron was detected in sample P1(1.999mg/l ±0.0196) while the lowest average level was detected in P3 (0.385mg/l ±0.0040). The highest level of Aluminum was in P2 (2.311mg/l ±0.0347), P1 and lowest average level was detected in P3 (0.924mg/l ± 0.0125). The maximum level of Zinc was determined in P3 (4.836mg/l ± 0.0496) while the minimum level was observed in P2 (0.617mg/l ± 0.0008). Copper was high in P1 (0.175mg/l ± 0.0008) but low level was in P3 (0.025mg/l± 0.001). P1 sample had (0.037mg/l ± 0.0004) of Lead while the minimum level was observed in P3 (0.027mg/l ± 0.0013). Chromium level was increased in P1 (0.024mg/l ± 0.024). However, it had low value in P2 (0.007mg/l ±0.0001). Cadmium was in double value (0.004mg/l ± 0.0002) in P1 of that of P2 and P3. These results confirm presence of heavy metals in all samples, but they do not exceed the maximum concentration of standard limit for Iron (15mg/Kg), Aluminum (5 g), Zinc (15mg/Kg), Copper (2mg/Kg), Lead (10mg/Kg), Chromium (0.5mg/Kg), Cadmium (0.3mg/Kg). The protein supplements, if used without consulting for long periods of time, may caused accumulation of heavy metals in human body which leads to dangerous side effects.

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References


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