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Low Index Silicon Photonic Directional Coupler: Design and Characterization
Abstract
An optical waveguide is a physical structure that guides electromagnetic waves in the optical spectrum. Generally, the bandwidth of an optical fiber can be divided into as many as 160 channels. For study without difficult we’ve simulated using only one signal through a waveguide. In a differential coupler circuit, a certain index difference is used. But as the index difference become higher, the overall device become thicker and fragile. Also, the signals those pass through a waveguide can cause cross-talk, scattering, wall roughness, mode mismatch, and other factors. The goal of this research is to look into cross-talk in long parallel waveguides and provide strategies to reduce cross-talk loss when high integration density is needed. We have used waveguides to model structures in order to evaluate different parameters and identify dominating loss sources. BeamProp, an optic design software has been used to test and quantify a few different types of waveguides in different wavelength ranges. The obtained results are encouraging since they enable comparisons of cross-talk for short and long interaction lengths, different waveguide width pairs, various separation distances, and TE and TM polarization. The whole study has been done on the effect of optical signals those were passed through different types of waveguides such as single slab waveguide, 2 parallel straight waveguide, taper waveguide and coupled differential waveguide. Moreover, the output for different 3 launching modes such as slab mode, Gaussian mode and multimode the experiment has been done for index difference 2.00 & 0.0067. Finally, the study concluded with the decision that the index difference 0.0067 shows better performance though the distance between two waveguides is more than index difference 2.00. It also found that slab mode shows the best performance followed by Gaussian mode and multimode.
Keywords: Directional coupler, Gaussian mode, index difference, photonic integrated circuit, silicon photonics
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