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Dosing, Uses, Adverse Effects, Pregnancy, Lactation, Pharmacology Administration of Piperacillin

Muralinath E., Munisekhar V., Rajeswari G., Pothuraju Ramudu, Prabhavathi P., Supernalatha K., Harshita M., Sravani Pragna K., Guruprasad M.

Abstract


Overview

  • Class: A semisynthetic form of acylaminopenicillin is piperacillin. It is a bactericidal antibiotic with a broad spectrum.
  • Combination Use: It is frequently used in an 8:1 ratio with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam. Tazobactam prevents bacterial enzymes (beta-lactamases) from breaking down piperacillin.

Mechanism of Action

  • Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibition: By attaching to penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), it prevents bacteria from constructing their cell walls, causing cell lysis and death.
  • Spectrum: It covers a wide range of anaerobic, Gram-positive, and Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Atypical pathogens like Legionella and MRSA are not included.

Pharmacokinetics & Elimination

  • Administration: administered by intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) injection.
  • Excretion: mostly removed by the kidneys through tubular secretion and renal filtration, with high quantities seen in urine.
  • Half-life: It is typically between 36 to 72 minutes for adults, however it can be longer for newborns, elderly people, or people with impaired kidney function.

Common Indications

  • Lower respiratory tract and hospital-acquired pneumonia
  • Intra-abdominal and gastrointestinal infections
  • Complicated urinary tract infections and pyelonephritis
  • Skin and soft tissue infections
  • Gynecological infections and febrile neutropenia

Safety & Adverse Effects

  • Common Side Effects: nausea, diarrhea, upset stomach, and minor skin rashes.
  • Severe Risks: hypersensitivity reactions, allergic shock, blood disorders (such thrombocytopenia), and uncommon effects on the kidneys or nervous system in susceptible individuals.

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References


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