Etiology, Epidemiology, Patho physiology and Histo pathology of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Abstract

The progressive lung condition known as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterised by lung scarring, especially from an unidentified source. The long-term prognosis for the disorder is dismal. IPF's classic symptoms include increasing dyspnoea, a dry, ineffective cough, and a slow development of shortness of breath. Restricted lung function impairment, decreased functional vital capacity, and decreased carbon monoxide diffusing capacity are typically linked to pulmonary function testing. Due to the disease's propensity to develop quickly in its later stages, early identification is crucial for optimal care. With a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history, imaging findings, and elimination of other illnesses, the diagnosis may often be made without a biopsy. Whatever it is, when there is ambiguity about the diagnosis, a lung biopsy can be necessary.

In order to help diagnose IPF, imaging methods particularly computed tomography scans often show a characteristic pattern of fibrosis, which is usually shown along the edges of both lungs and more concentrated at the bases in a timely way. In situations when the diagnosis is unclear, a lung biopsy can help determine the diagnosis. Treatment options include supportive care, oxygen supplementation when necessary, antifibrotic drugs, and, in extreme situations, lung transplantation, which is the only cure. In addition to emphasising the importance of the interprofessional healthcare team in its evaluation, diagnosis, and management, this exercise provides a thorough explanation of the aetiology, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and therapy of IPF in adults.