Ethylacetate Extract of Adansonia digitata Exhibited Anti-glycation, Anti-tyrosinase and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials Associated with Ageing

Abstract

Ageing is characterized by a decline in cellular and systemic function, resulting in increased vulnerability to disease, and ultimately death. Adansonia digitata has been used traditionally as a natural anti-ageing remedy in West Africa with limited scientific evidences. This study investigated the anti-glycation, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-inflammatory potentials of Adansonia digitata ethylacetate leaves Extract (ADELE). The ethyl acetate fraction of the powdered leaves of A. digitata was obtained using a cold extraction method. In-vitro assays:  Anti-glycation and Anti-tyrosinase activities, inhibition of protein denaturation and proteinase activity of ADELE were determined. In-vivo study was carried out using sixty-three male Wistar rats of average weight 110 g, randomly distributed to nine groups of seven animals each. Group I (normal control), Group II (200mg/kg bw ADELE only), and Group III (200 mg/kg bw Vit. E only). Group IV (D-galactose only: 60mg/kg bw). Groups V to IX were pretreated for 4-weeks before D-galactose administration: Group (100mg/kg ADELE + D-galactose), Group VI (200mg/kg ADELE + D-galactose), Group VII (400 mg/kg ADELE + D-galactose), Group VIII (200mg/kg Vit. E + D-galactose) and Group IX(100 mg/kg ADELE + 100mg/kg Vit. E + D-galactose). Inflammatory markers: Tumour necrosis factor(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6), were measured, Apoptotic markers(Caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation) were determined using standard methods. Data were analysed with GraphPad Prism version 5 at P< 0.05 significance level. Result showed that, at 5 mg/ml from week 1- 4, ADELE showed excellent Anti-glycation potentials (63.30, 75.96%, 83.68% and 82.83%) respectively close to Aminoguanidine (59.25%, 82.20%, 85.10% and 87.95%). Moreover, ADELE showed dose-dependent Anti-tyrosinase activity, while at 1.00mg/ml, elicited 51.24% compared with Kojic acid 82.16%. ADELE exhibited excellent dose-dependent inhibition of proteinase activity and protein denaturation, while at 400µg/ml had inhibition of 90.50% and 36.40% respectively. A significant (P< 0.05) increase was observed in TNF-α (6709 ± 833.00), IL-6 (528.9 ± 35.31), Caspase-3 activity (27.83 ± 1.52) and DNA fragmentation (34.25 ±3.27) respectively in Group IV (D-galactose only) compared with controls (1268 ± 82.66, 345.6 ± 27.94, 14.76 ±1.23 and 15.95 ± 0.92) respectively and were restored near to the control levels in Groups (V-IX). ADELE exhibited anti-glycation, anti-tyrosinase and anti- inflammatory potentials validating its folkloric use, hence may be employed as a remedy for age-related disorders.