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Drugs Acting on Sex Hormones

Muralinath E., Pooja Devi, Prasanta Chbukdhara, Sanjib Borah, Kalyan C., Archana Jain, Guruprasad M.

Abstract


Sex hormones play a role in controlling many physiological processes. An estrogen, a female sex hormone, plays a critical role in the bone health, maintaining the reproduction and role in the menstrual cycle. Drugs such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) can modulate estrogen activity. Tamoxifen, used in breast cancer treatment, acts as an estrogen antagonist in breast tissue, obstructing the growth of estrogen-dependent tumors. Androgen blockers, such as spiranolactone, are useful in treating poly cystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women and hirsuitism (excessive hair growth) in both genders. GnRH agonists such as leuprolide are helpful in managing conditions namely endometriosis as well as prostatic cancer. Oral contraceptives are helpful in controlling hormonal fluctuations and stop unwanted pregnancies. These drugs specifically consist of a combination of estrogen and progestin, which stop ovulation and alter cervical mucus that causes a hostile environment particularly for sperm. Contraceptives are available in various forms namely injections, pills and patches. Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) show useful impact in treating conditions specifically muscle squandering sicknesses and osteoporosis. Anti-androgens like cyproterone acetate are useful in contracting the effects of elevated androgen levels. Menopause can result in various symptoms namely hot flashes and bone density loss. It is finally concluded that the drugs acting on sex hormones is diverse and continually evolving, offering innovative solutions to address hormonal substances, reproduction health issues also.

 


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References


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