Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Histopathological Effects of Birth Control Pills (Postinor) on the Uterus of Female Albino Rat

Uwuigbe Mathew, Edebiri O. E, Ohiwerei W. O, Adegbohun Frances, Nwadike Chioma, Babatunde O. D., Fapohunda W. O.

Abstract


The aim of this study is to determine the histological effects of pills (postinor) on the uterus of wistar rats, as a result of different doses of postinor administered orally. Fifty(50) Adult albino rats of comparable sizes and weights ranging from 90g to 130g (age of rats is five (5) weeks) were procured from the animal farm, Histopathology Laboratory Department of Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Edo State. Five groups (A through E) were created out of the experimental animals. There are ten rats each group (n = 10) and they are housed in five large cages. Groups B through E were the test groups, and group A was the control. Postinor was administered orally in the manner described below:  For a period of four weeks, Group A (Control) was given only distilled water and a regular feed (growers' mash). Group B, C, D, and E received different dosages of postinor: 1 milliliter, 2 milliliter, and 4 milliliter. In conclusion, there were no appreciable variations in any of the groups' body weights. One milliliter of postinor exhibiting hyperplasic cell and obvious carcinoma (neoplastic alterations) of the endometrial uterus (circle) was given to Group B. Group C received 2 milliliters of a postinor exhibiting hyperplasic endometrial cells at a dosage of 1.5 milligrams per 100 milliliters. Group D received 3 milliliters of 1.5 milligrams per 100 milliliters of postinor clear carcinoma (neoplastic alterations) and hyperplasic cell  4 milliliters of postinor 1.5 mg/100 milliliters, which showed hyperplasic cells and adipose tissue, were given to Group E. According to this study, excessive usage of this postinor toxicity may cause uterine cancer.

Full Text:

PDF

References


Apelo, R., & Veloso, I. (1970). Results of a controlled study employing d-norgestrel and ethinyl estradiol. Contraception, 2(6), 391–400.

Bao, Q., Gu, B., Price, C. F., Zou, Y., Wang, Y., Kozak, D., … Burgess, D. J. (2018). Manufacturing and characterization of long-acting levonorgestrel intrauterine systems. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 550(1–2), 447–454.

Bongaarts, J., & Westoff, C. F. (2000). The potential role of contraception in reducing abortion. Studies in Family Planning, 31(3), 193–202.

Bongaarts, John. (1999). Fertility decline in the developed world: Where will it end? American Economic Review, 89(2), 256–260.

Brache, V., Faúndes, A., Johansson, E., & Alvarez, F. (1985). Anovulation, inadequate luteal phase and poor sperm penetration in cervical mucus during prolonged use of NORPLANTR implants. Contraception, 31(3), 261–273.

Brat, T. (1974). Clinical trial with a new low oestrogen combined oral contraceptive. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2(8), 465–470.

Crabbé, P., Archer, S., Benagiano, G., Diczfalusy, E., Djerassi, C., Fried, J., & Higuchi, T. (1983). Long-acting contraceptive agents: design of the WHO Chemical Synthesis Programme. Steroids, 41(3), 243–253.

Croxatto, H. B., & Ortiz, M. E. (1975). Egg transport in the fallopian tube. Gynecologic Investigation, 6(3–4), 215–225.

Croxatto, H. B., Devoto, L., Durand, M., Ezcurra, E., Larrea, F., Nagle, C., … von Hertzen, H. (2001). Mechanism of action of hormonal preparations used for emergency contraception: a review of the literature. Contraception, 63(3), 111–121.

Franasiak, J. M., & Scott, R. T. (2015). Reproductive tract microbiome in assisted reproductive technologies". Fertility and Sterility, 104(6), 1364–1371.

Friend, D. R. (2016). Development of controlled release systems over the past 50years in the area of contraception. Journal of Controlled Release: Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society, 240, 235–241.

Kesserü, E., Larrañaga, A., & Parada, J. (1973). Postcoital contraception with D-norgestrel. Contraception, 7(5), 367–379.

Kido, A., & Togashi, K. (2016). Uterine anatomy and function on cine magnetic resonance imaging. Reproductive Medicine and Biology, 15(4), 191–199.

Meriggiola, M. C., Farley, T. M., & Mbizvo, M. T. (2003). A review of androgen-progestin regimens for male contraception". Journal of Andrology, 24(4), 466–83

Moggia, A., Beauquis, A., Ferrari, F., Torrado, M. L., Alonso, J. L., Koremblit, E., & Mischler, T. (1974). The use of progestogens as postcoital oral contraceptives. The Journal of Reproductive Medicine, 13(2), 58–61.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.