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CANCER VACCINE: TYPES

Ms. Shrutika Krishnadas Patil, Ms. Pallavi Bhilaji Jire, Ms. Harshada kailas Patil, Ms. Hemangi Somnath Chaudhari

Abstract


Cancer is a frequent, sometimes fatal disease. Cancer vaccines can help control some difficult-to-treat tumors by stimulating the body’s immune response.Vaccines against carcinogenic viruses, like hepatitis B and human papillomavirus, have significantly reduced the incidence of cancer. Clinical experiments are underway to employ vaccines to treat existing malignancies that are not caused by viral infections. This article does not cover vaccines against human viruses that contribute to cancer formation and progression, such as human papillomavirus in cervical cancer. Cancer cells express “altered self” antigens, which trigger weaker immune responses than infectious pathogens’ “foreign” antigens. Immunostimulants and adjuvant methods have been extensively studied. Immunotherapies targeting host-specific and tumor-specific immune responses are increasingly being used in clinical practice. Antitumor immunization is a complicated undertaking with unknown optimal combinations of antigens, adjuvants, delivery vehicles, and routes of administration. This review summarizes recent clinical research on therapeutic cancer vaccines targeting tumor-associated antigens and their implications for active immunotherapy.


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