A Review Study on Design Problems and Solutions for Bridges and High Rise Buildings

Abstract

The goal of bridge design is to create a bridge that is both elegant and safe while meeting all functional requirements at a cost that the owner can afford. The purpose of a bridge is to provide a crossing over a physical obstacle, such as a body of water, valley, or road. Bridges are constructed above these types of obstacles. Bridges come in a variety of designs, including conceptual, preliminary, detailed, and construction designs.

A successful bridge's design needs to be unique, organic, simple, and harmonious with its surroundings. Accidents, injuries, and problems with wellbeing at the extension site. Among the many significant obstacles that engineers encounter when building a bridge are structural failure, poor workmanship, untrustworthy subcontractors, and assigning blame for an issue.

Due to inadequate land accessibility in populated areas and their crucial role as fundamental structures in modern urban areas and capitals, elevated structures have been rapidly growing overall. However, unlike low-ascent structures, elevated structures require high primary strength for security and plan requirements, and they are incredibly complex due to the enormous number of underlying parts and components.

In order to address a specific problem that has been extensively described and given a name, a succinct summary of the underlying frameworks that are currently available in the literature is presented. This serves as a strong foundation for contrasting the conflicting demands resulting from wind and seismic activity. Thus, a broad summary of the outcomes of several nonlinear dynamic procedure analyses (for wind and earthquake loading) and nonlinear static procedure analyses (for pushover) on the behavior of different structural systems at different heights of high-rise buildings is given. This paper aims to support the advancement and implementation of high-rise building construction systems in the future.