Design and Implementation of a Real-Time Health Parameter Monitoring and Alarm System Using STM32 Microcontroller

Abstract

Remote and continuous observation of vital physiological parameters has become increasingly essential owing to the rising incidence of chronic diseases, rapid population ageing, and the need for medical assistance beyond conventional clinical environments. Existing health monitoring platforms frequently rely on internet connectivity, lack modular diagnostic expansion, and often exhibit limited reliability during emergency situations. This study presents a compact, modular real-time biomedical monitoring system developed using the STM32 microcontroller platform, integrating temperature, heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and ECG measurement using attachable diagnostic modules. Local visualization, short-range Bluetooth connectivity, and GSM-based SMS notification are implemented to ensure operation even in the absence of internet infrastructure. Experimental evaluation confirms accurate physiological sensing with effective alerting mechanisms, demonstrating strong potential for application in domestic healthcare, rural deployments, and emergency support situations.