

Ameliorating Effects of Annona Muricata Leaf Extract in Inflammatory Markers in Male Wistar Rats
Abstract
This present study aimed to investigate the ameliorating effects of annona muricata leaf extract on inflammatory markers in male wistar rats. A total of 78 adult male rats obtained from the laboratory animal production unit of the Department of Physiology, Abia State University, Uturu were used for the different segments of the study. Eighteen of the rats were used for acute toxicity/lethal dose evaluation of the extract while the remaining sixty (60) were used for the testosterone-induced hyperplasia study. Prostate hyperplasia was induced in the rats via daily sub-cutaneous administration of testosterone propionate (5 mg/kg body weight) for 28 days. Sixty rats used for this segment of the study were assigned to 6 groups of 10 rats and treated as follows: Group 1, Normal control, no treatment. Group 2 Testosterone propionate (5 mg/kg) only and was the BPH control. Group3, Testosterone propionate (5 mg/kg bw) + Finesteride (3 mg/kg body weight).Group 4, Testosterone propionate (5 mg/kg bw) + Annona Muricata Leaf extract (300 mg/kg body weight). Group 5, Testosterone propionate (5 mg/kg bw) + Annona Muricata Leaf extract (600 mg/kg body weight).Group 6, Annona Muricata Leaf extract (600 mg/kg bw) only. At the end of treatment, animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected into EDTA and plain bottles for inflammatory markers respectively. For the later (blood contained in plain bottles), the blood was allowed to clot and retract within two hours and then centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes to obtain clear sera samples which were used for the various biochemical analyses. Data obtained were subjected to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, Version 20.0, IBM SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) was used for data analysis. Level of significance was calculated by One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Data were analyzed using Duncan Multiple Range Test and complemented with Student’s t test for post-hoc test for comparisons of the means of the various doses and fractions. P- values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significantly different between the test and control groups as well as among test groups for measured value. From this present study, the extract exhibited anti-inflammatory properties in treated groups.
References
Arnaud, K., Nicodème, C., Durand, D. N., Martial, N., Basile, S., Haziz, S., ...and Lamine, B. M. (2020). Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory Efficacy and HPLC Analysis of Annona muricata Leaves Extracts from Republic of Benin. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 11(6): 803-818.
Attiq, A., Jalil, J., and Husain, K. (2017). Annonaceae: breaking the wall of inflammation. Frontiers in pharmacology, 8: 752.
Ayun, N. Q., and Elya, B. (2020). Anti-inflammation of soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) against hemorrhoids in mice induced by croton oil. Pharmacognosy Journal, 12(4).
Baskar, R., Rajeswari, V., and Satish Kumar, T. (2007). In vitro antioxidant studies in leaves of Annona species. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 45(5): 480-485.
Bitar, R. M., Fahmi, R. R., and Borjac, J. M. (2019). Annona muricata extract reduces inflammation via inactivation of NALP3 inflammasome. Journal of Natural Remedies, 12-23.
Coria-Téllez, A. V., Montalvo-González, E., Yahia, E. M., and Obledo-Vázquez, E. N. (2018). Annona muricata: A comprehensive review on its traditional medicinal uses, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, mechanisms of action and toxicity. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 11(5): 662-691.
De Sousa, O. V., Vieira, G. D. V., de Jesus RG de Pinho, J., Yamamoto, C. H., and Alves, M. S. (2010). Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanol extract of Annona muricata L. leaves in animal models. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11(5): 2067-2078.
Foong, C. P., and Hamid, R. A. (2012). Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activities of ethanolic extract of Annona muricata leaves. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 22: 1301-1307.
Gavamukulya, Y., Abou-Elella, F., Wamunyokoli, F., and AEl-Shemy, H. (2014). Phytochemical screening, anti-oxidant activity and in vitro anticancer potential of ethanolic and water leaves extracts of Annona muricata (Graviola). Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 7: S355-S363.
Gavamukulya, Y., Wamunyokoli, F., and El-Shemy, H. A. (2017). Annona muricata: Is the natural therapy to most disease conditions including cancer growing in our backyard? A systematic review of its research history and future prospects. Asian Pacific journal of tropical medicine, 10(9): 835-848.
Ishola, I. O., Awodele, O., Olusayero, A. M., and Ochieng, C. O. (2014). Mechanisms of analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of Annona muricata Linn.(Annonaceae) fruit extract in rodents. Journal of medicinal food, 17(12): 1375-1382.
Jang, D. I., Lee, A. H., Shin, H. Y., Song, H. R., Park, J. H., Kang, T. B., ... and Yang, S. H. (2021). The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in autoimmune disease and current TNF-α inhibitors in therapeutics. International journal of molecular sciences, 22(5): 2719.
Oyekachukwu, A. R., Elijah, J. P., Eshu, O. V., and Nwodo, O. F. C. (2017). Anti-inflammatory effects of the chloroform extract of Annona muricata leaves on phospholipase A2 and prostaglandin synthase activities. Transl Biomed, 8(4): 137.
Silihe, K. K., Mbou, W. D., Ngo Pambe, J. C., Kenmogne, L. V., Maptouom, L. F., Kemegne Sipping, M. T., ... and Njamen, D. (2023). Comparative anticancer effects of Annona muricata Linn (Annonaceae) leaves and fruits on DMBA-induced breast cancer in female rats. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 23(1): 234.
Torres, M. P., Rachagani, S., Purohit, V., Pandey, P., Joshi, S., Moore, E. D., ...and Batra, S. K. (2012). Graviola: a novel promising natural-derived drug that inhibits tumorigenicity and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells in vitro and in vivo through altering cell metabolism. Cancer letters, 323(1): 29-40.
Yang, C., Gundala, S. R., Mukkavilli, R., Vangala, S., Reid, M. D., Aneja, R. (2015). Synergistic interactions among flavonoids and acetogenins in Annona muricata extract enhance its antitumor activity in prostate cancer cells. Journal of Natural Products, 78(8): 1753-1763.
Zeweil, M. M., Khafaga, A. F., Mahmoud, S. F., Wasef, L., Saleh, H., Elrehim, A. M. A., ...and Ghoneim, H. A. (2024). Annona muricata L. extract restores renal function, oxidative stress, immunohistochemical structure, and gene expression of TNF-α, IL-β1, and CYP2E1 in the kidney of DMBA-intoxicated rats. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 15: 1348145.
Zubaidi, S. N., Qadi, W. S., Maarof, S., Mohmad Misnan, N., Mohammad Noor, H. S., Hamezah, H. S., ...and Mediani, A. (2023). Assessing the Acute Toxicological Effects of Annona muricata Leaf Ethanol Extract on Rats: Biochemical, Histopathological, and Metabolomics Analyses. Toxics, 11(8): 688.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.