

Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis And Treatment of Small Pox
Abstract
The first contagious disease to be successfully eradicated on the globe affecting humans is smallpox. Its potential for release and weaponization makes it still a clinical worry. Smallpox is a member of the viral family poxvirus, genus orthopoxvirus, and species variola virus. This disease shows along with a non-specific febrile prodrome of high fever, chills, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, and backache. The skin lesions happen 1-3 days later and first begin on the forearms or face and spread to the rest of the body. This exercise outlines the assessment and management of smallpox as well as the function of the interprofessional team in managing patients with the illness.
References
Henderson, D. A. (2011). The eradication of smallpox—An overview of the past, present, and future. Vaccine, 29(Suppl 4), D7–D9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.080
Lane, J. M., & Poland, G. A. (2011). Why not destroy the remaining smallpox virus stocks? Vaccine, 29(16), 2823–2824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.02.076
Voigt, E. A., Kennedy, R. B., & Poland, G. A. (2016). Defending against smallpox: A focus on vaccines. Expert Review of Vaccines, 15(9), 1197–1211. https://doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2016.1199277
Eyler, J. M. (2003). Smallpox in history: The birth, death, and impact of a dread disease. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine, 142(4), 216–220. https://doi.org/10.1067/mlc.2003.398
Milton, D. K. (2012). What was the primary mode of smallpox transmission? Implications for biodefense. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 2, 150. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2012.00150
Moore, Z. S., Seward, J. F., & Lane, J. M. (2006). Smallpox. The Lancet, 367(9508), 425–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68144-0
Breman, J. G., & Henderson, D. A. (2002). Diagnosis and management of smallpox. The New England Journal of Medicine, 346(17), 1300–1308. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra020025
Seward, J. F., Galil, K., Damon, I., Norton, S. A., Rotz, L., Schmid, S., Harpaz, R., Cono, J., Marin, M., Hutchins, S., Chaves, S. S., & McCauley, M. M. (2004). Development and experience with an algorithm to evaluate suspected smallpox cases in the United States, 2002–2004. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 39(10), 1477–1483. https://doi.org/10.1086/425017
Grosenbach, D. W., Honeychurch, K., Rose, E. A., Chinsangaram, J., Frimm, A., Maiti, B., Lovejoy, C., Meara, I., Long, P., & Hruby, D. E. (2018). Oral tecovirimat for the treatment of smallpox. The New England Journal of Medicine, 379(1), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1705688
Mucker, E. M., Goff, A. J., Shamblin, J. D., Grosenbach, D. W., Damon, I. K., Mehal, J. M., Holman, R. C., Carroll, D., Gallardo, N., Olson, V. A., Clemmons, C. J., Hudson, P., & Hruby, D. E. (2013). Efficacy of tecovirimat (ST-246) in nonhuman primates infected with variola virus (smallpox). Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 57(12), 6246–6253. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00967-13
Vora, S., Damon, I., Fulginiti, V., Weber, S. G., Kahana, M., Stein, S. L., Gerber, S. I., Garcia-Houchins, S., Lederman, E., Hruby, D., Collins, L., Scott, D., Thompson, K., Barson, J. V., Regnery, R., Hughes, C., Daum, R. S., Li, Y., Zhao, H., ... Marcinak, J. (2008). Severe eczema vaccinatum in a household contact of a smallpox vaccinee. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 46(10), 1555–1561. https://doi.org/10.1086/587668
Melamed, S., Israely, T., & Paran, N. (2018). Challenges and achievements in prevention and treatment of smallpox. Vaccines, 6(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6010008
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.