Mechanism of Anti-Cholinesterases and Medical Applications of Alzheimers Disease as Well as Myasthenia Gravis

Abstract

Anti-cholinesterase plays a major role especially in neuro muscular disorders. These substances target the cholinesterase enzymes specifically acetyl cholinesterase (ACh E) to regulate the levels of acetyl choline, a neuro transmitter responsible for nerve signal transmission. Cholinesterase enzymes essentially ACh E and butyryl cholinesterase ( BuCH E) are responsible for breaking down acetyl choline after it has transmitted a nerve signal. Anti-cholinesterases perform their actions by stopping the activity of the enzyme acetyl cholinesterase. Acetyl cholinesterase is essential for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetyl choline particularly in the synaptic cleft, the gap between nerve cells. Medications such as donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine inhibit ACh E as well as BuCH E and enhance cognitive function. Myasthenia gravis is an auto immune disorder that leads to the occurrence of muscle weakness and fatigue. Anti-cholinesterases especially pyridostigmine enhance muscle strength by prolonging acetylcholines action particularly at neuro muscular junctions. It is finally concluded that anti-cholinesterases are helpful in treating neuro muscular diseases by targeting cholinesterase enzymes and mofdulating acetyl choline levels.