Advances in Spindle Technology for Machine Tools

Abstract

Machine tool spindles are crucial components in machining systems. As machining technologies have advanced over the years, spindles have had to evolve to meet new demands. This paper reviews recent developments in spindle technology, including innovations like air-assisted bearings, advanced cooling strategies to reduce thermal errors, and the introduction of Parallel High-Speed Machining (PHSC). Additionally, it covers hybrid spindles for high-performance cutting, ultrasonic spindles that generate vibrations using electromagnetic forces, and spindles that utilize centrifugal forces to adjust preload automatically. A concept for a water-driven spindle with hydrostatic bearings is also discussed.