The Nursing Model Difficulties Antenatal Care

Abstract

Especially in low-risk pregnancies, midwife-led prenatal care is widely acknowledged as a safe, economical, and patient-centered approach that improves mother and newborn outcomes. The United States continues to underuse midwifery-led interventions despite their proven benefits, revealing fundamental gaps in access, integration, and value. At a time when maternal death rates are on the rise and racial disparities are glaring, particularly among Black and Indigenous women, this underutilization persists. Important barriers to the wide range of midwifery-led prenatal care in the United States include limited access to maternity specialists in rural and underserved areas, contradictory state directives delivering birthing assistance, and inadequate protections repayment strategies.