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Transmission, Clinical Symptoms, Development of Immunity, Diagnosis as Well As Treatment of Sapo Virus and an Emerging Cause of Childhood Diarrhea

Satyanarayana Murthy, Srinivas G., Ramanjaneyulu D. V., Muralinath E., Guruprasad M., Sravani Pragna K., Manjari P., Sony Sharlet E., T. Nikhil, V. Yaswanth Sai, D. Kusuma Latha, Ch. Ramya Sudha, Sridevi K., D. Gokul Shiva Balaji

Abstract


Sapovirus, a genus in the Caliciviridae family alongside noro virus, is increasingly identified as an important cause of childhood diarrhea. Some challenges exist in our ability to better understand sapo virus infections, along with the inability to develop sapo virus in cell culture, which has hindered diagnosis and studies of immunity. Another problem is that people along with sapo virus illness are frequently co-infected together with other enteric infections, complicating our capacity to attribute diarrhea episodes to a single pathogen.

Recent findings: We can now estimate the prevalence of the disease more accurately thanks to the development of molecular technologies for sapo virus determination. Between 1 to 17% of diarrhoea bouts globally are caused by the sapo virus, with young children and older people bearing the greatest burden. Further, epidemiological studies have used novel approaches to account for the presence of co-infections along with other enteric pathogens; one multi-site cohort study of children under two years of age observed that sapo virus exhibited the second highest attributable incidence among all diarrheal pathogens studied.

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References


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