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Design and Performance Evaluation of a Compact 28 GHz Microstrip Patch Antenna for 5G Millimeter-Wave Applications

Obisike Kio Chima, Bakare Isa Bodunrin, Elechi Promise, Philip- Kpae Friday Oodee

Abstract


This paper presents the design, simulation, and performance evaluation of a compact microstrip patch antenna operating at 28 GHz for fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication applications. The antenna employs a low-loss Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 substrate with dielectric constant (εr) of 2.2, substrate thickness of 1.57 mm, and loss tangent of 0.0009. The design methodology utilizes transmission line model equations with inset-fed impedance matching and geometric modifications (slotted patch geometry and defected ground structure) to enhance bandwidth and radiation efficiency. Full-wave electromagnetic simulation using High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) and MATLAB Antenna Toolbox validates the antenna performance. The optimized antenna achieves a return loss (S11) of -16.38 dB, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of 1.3579, gain of 6.72 dB, directivity of 6.99 dBi, and radiation efficiency of 73% at 28 GHz. The impedance bandwidth extends from 25 GHz to 30 GHz with a 5.15 GHz operational bandwidth, exceeding comparable designs in literature. The antenna demonstrates 97.7% power acceptance, confirming minimal reflection losses and effective power transfer. These results confirm the antenna's suitability for compact, low-profile 5G millimeter-wave applications requiring efficient radiation and stable performance.


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References


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