Unveiling the Threat: A Comprehensive Review on Emerging Diseases in the Modern Era

Abstract

This comprehensive review explores the diverse landscape of infectious diseases, focusing on their emergence, reemergence, and associated challenges. It delves into the intrinsic and extrinsic factors contributing to diseases, highlighting examples like sickle cell anemia and malaria. The historical perspective emphasizes the recognition of emerging diseases, leading to the establishment of the "special pathogens branch" at the CDC. The article categorizes recent emerging diseases, addressing zoonotic, patient care-related, vector-borne, and foodborne infections. The rising concern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is extensively discussed, emphasizing the global impact and potential consequences. Furthermore, the critical role of vaccines in preventing infectious diseases is underscored, emphasizing their historic successes and ongoing challenges, especially in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The One Health concept and interdisciplinary collaboration are proposed as essential approaches for global health preparedness. The article concludes by emphasizing the significance of patient counseling and education, ethical considerations, and the ever-evolving nature of infectious diseases in our interconnected world.