Enabling Electric Vehicle-to-Grid Integration for Sustainable Energy Management

Abstract

The growth of electric vehicle (EV) mobility has led to the emergence of vehicle to grid (V2G) technology, which enables bidirectional power flow between EV batteries and the power grid. This technology offers several benefits, including load leveling, peak load shaving, voltage regulation, and improved power system stability. However, integrating EVs into the power grid presents challenges, such as increased grid loading from widespread EV charging. V2G technology provides a solution by allowing EV batteries to be utilized as energy storage and enabling power injection into the grid according to preset schedules and rates. V2G technology can also be used for vehicle to home (V2H) operation during power outages or in areas without grid connections. To implement V2G, a specialized EV battery charger that enables bidirectional power flow is required. A new control strategy for bidirectional battery chargers has been proposed, allowing for slow and fast charging and discharging of EV batteries. Despite the advantages of EVs, they have not been widely adopted due to factors such as high costs, limited charging infrastructure, and limited electric range. However, the lower carbon dioxide emissions and rising fossil fuel prices make EVs a more competitive option compared to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. In conclusion, V2G technology provides a solution to some of the challenges associated with integrating EVs into the power grid. The technology offers several benefits, such as improved power system stability and the ability to utilize EV batteries as energy storage. With the development of new control strategies for bidirectional battery chargers, V2G technology is poised to become an increasingly important component of the electric vehicle industry.