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Green Computing: Concepts, Benefits and Challenges

Ansh Jain, Prof. Gajanan M. Naik

Abstract


Green computing represents a transformative shift in how technology is designed, deployed, and managed to reduce its environmental footprint. With the exponential growth of data centres, high-performance computing, and cloud infrastructures, the energy demands of modern IT systems have become a critical sustainability concern. This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements, methodologies, and challenges associated with the implementation of green computing across hardware, software, and organizational levels. The study synthesizes findings from recent peer-reviewed research published between 2020 and 2025 using databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Dimensions. Core themes analysed include energy-efficient data centres, virtualization, cloud optimization, eco- friendly hardware design, e-waste management, and sustainable information system policies. Various performance metrics, including Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE), carbon footprint, and lifecycle emissions, are discussed to assess the environmental and economic impact of green

computing technologies.

The paper highlights that virtualization, renewable energy integration, and AI-based resource optimization are among the most promising strategies for reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. However, it also identifies persistent barriers such as high implementation costs, limited regulatory enforcement, and insufficient awareness within industry sectors.

Ultimately, this review concludes that green computing requires a balanced combination of technological innovation, policy intervention, and user-level behavioural change. The insights provided aim to guide further research and practical initiatives toward achieving a sustainable and energy-efficient digital ecosystem.


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References


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