Adverse drug reaction in older outpatients- An updated Review

Abstract

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) continue to be a global health concern. They have an impact on treatment results, raise hospital admission rates, raise morbidity and death rates, and raise therapy costs, lower quality of life, and lower patient satisfaction with healthcare. The purpose of this chapter is to go over topics pertaining to adverse drug reactions (ADRs), such as their types, histories, causes, reporting, and management. With the ultimate goal of enhancing procedures in these countries, it also seeks to draw attention to the challenges that ADRs and their reporting in developing countries face, as well as to provide solutions for these challenges.

The International Classification of Diseases will eventually incorporate the WHO's Adverse Reaction Terminology, which is now used to report such reactions. The six categories of adverse medication reactions are as follows (complete with mnemonics): withdrawal (end of use), therapeutic failure (failure), dose-related and time-related (chronic), non-dose-related (bizarre), withdrawal (augmented), and withdrawal (time-related). When determining the cause of a suspected adverse drug reaction, factors such as timing, sickness pattern, investigation findings, and retesting the medication can be helpful. Withdrawal is part of management.