Enzyme Inhibitors as Drugs: Medical Applications and Scope

Abstract

Enzyme inhibitors target the specific enzymes at cell, tissue and organ level as drugs. The enzyme inhibitors inhibit specific enzymes and act as chemo-sensitive, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic and antibiotic drug action. Enzyme inhibitors in drug targeting serve the purpose in treatment of several molecular diseases. The present review simulates the concept of enzyme inhibition to define enzyme deficiency disease with cause of enzyme deficiency due to missing genes. It explores further the new enzyme inhibitors including chemo-sensitive, nutraceuticals, herbiceuticals, phytochemicals used in drug targeting. Review inspires with new mechanisms of enzyme inhibitor targeting action for potential disorders such as carbohydrate storage and lipid storage diseases, lysosomal disorders, cancer, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular diseases, erectile dysfunction, gastrointestinal disorders, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection, herpes virus infections, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), rheumatoid arthritis and related inflammatory diseases. In conclusion, now concept of reverse pharmacology is emerging in the direction of traditional natural nutraceutical-herbiceutical-phytochemical remedies in targeting enzymes to develop applications in theranosis means defining new diseases and therapeutic monitoring.