Review Paper on Effectiveness of Using Bio Enzyme and Geogrid for Soil Stabilization to minimize the width of flexible pavement

Abstract

This review paper examines the current state of research on the combined use of bio-enzymes and geogrids for soil stabilization and their potential to reduce the width of flexible pavements. The growing interest in sustainable and cost-effective road construction methods, especially in areas with challenging soil conditions, necessitates a comprehensive analysis of these innovative techniques. This review synthesizes findings from numerous laboratory studies, field trials, and practical applications reported in the literature over the past decade. We critically assess the mechanisms by which bio-enzymes modify soil properties, including strength enhancement, plasticity reduction, and improved compaction characteristics. The review also evaluates the reinforcement capabilities of geogrids and their contribution to overall pavement stability when used in conjunction with bio-enzyme treatments. The synergistic effects of these two approaches are analyzed, with particular attention to their impact on subgrade strength, pavement thickness requirements, and overall structural performance. Furthermore, this paper explores the economic and environmental implications of adopting these methods in road construction projects. By consolidating and interpreting the available evidence, this review aims to provide engineers, researchers, and policymakers with a comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness, limitations, and potential applications of bio-enzyme and geogrid technologies in soil stabilization and flexible pavement design. The paper concludes by identifying knowledge gaps and suggesting directions for future research to further optimize these promising techniques in sustainable transportation infrastructure development.