Comparative Review on Effect of Concrete Demolished Waste in Enhancing Engineering Properties of Expansive Soil

Abstract

Expansive soils, characterized by significant volume changes with respect to moisture change, poses major challenges in construction, particularly in foundations and embankments. These soils, when subject to wet-dry cycles, often lead to structural distress, cracks, and settlement problems, increasing maintenance and repair costs. To mitigate these issues, several stabilization techniques are used, including the incorporation of industrial and construction wastes. Among these, concrete demolished waste (CDW) has emerged as a promising additive for soil stabilization due to its availability, cost-effectiveness, and environmental benefits. CDW is primarily composed of fine particles, which are rich in calcium compounds, making it potentially effective in modifying the engineering properties of expansive soils. This review paper presents a comprehensive comparison of recent studies focused on the effects of CDW on the engineering properties of expansive soils, such as plasticity index, swelling potential, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Various research methodologies and findings on the use of CDW as a stabilizing agent are analyzed, highlighting its effectiveness in enhancing soil properties. The review addresses the mechanisms by which CDW interacts with expansive soil particles, as well as the optimal mixing ratios for achieving the best stabilization results. Additionally, it discusses the environmental implications of using CDW, as it not only reduces waste sent to landfills but also conserves natural resources by decreasing the demand for conventional stabilizing materials. The findings indicate that incorporating CDW improves the strength and durability of expansive soils, reduces plasticity, and enhances load-bearing capacity, making it a viable alternative for sustainable soil stabilization. This review concludes with recommendations for further research on the long-term performance of CDW-stabilized soils and its potential applications in civil engineering projects.