Exploring Emulgel as a Modern Approach to Topical Drug Delivery: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Topical drug delivery systems are widely utilized for administering therapeutic agents through the skin and other accessible body sites such as the vagina, eyes, and throat, offering both local and systemic effects. Among the emerging approaches, emulgel has gained significant attention as a novel and effective drug delivery system. Emulgel combines the advantages of both emulsions and gels, making it particularly suitable for the incorporation of hydrophobic drugs. It is typically formulated by integrating an oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion into a gel base using appropriate gelling agents. The presence of surfactants and co-surfactants reduces interfacial tension, enhancing drug solubilization and stability. Emulgel exhibit desirable properties such as improved drug permeability, controlled release, better patient compliance, and ease of application. Additionally, their thermodynamic stability and ability to enhance bioavailability make them a promising alternative to conventional topical formulations. This review highlights the formulation strategies, mechanism, advantages, and therapeutic applications of emulgel systems in modern drug delivery.