Impact of Aggregate Shape and Alternative Materials on Concrete Properties: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Coarse aggregate constitutes a significant portion of concrete and plays a critical role in its mechanical properties. This study investigates the effects of non-traditional aggregate shapes and alternative materials on concrete performance. Research shows that elongated aggregates have a greater impact on compressive strength than flaky ones, and different aggregate shapes affect concrete properties based on the water-cement ratio. Flaky aggregates require more bitumen due to their larger surface area, and their physical characteristics significantly influence the strength and serviceability of hot mixes. The shape of aggregates is also crucial for the compressive strength and permeability of pervious concrete. The use of steel slag as a replacement for coarse aggregate has been found to enhance the strength and performance of concrete, offering benefits in terms of crushing and tensile strengths, self-compacting capabilities, and long-term durability. Similarly, incorporating marble powder into cement improves concrete performance, particularly when replacing sand. An optimal addition of 10% marble powder yields the best results in terms of strength and workability. This study highlights the importance of aggregate shape and the potential of alternative materials in improving concrete properties, contributing to more sustainable and efficient construction practices.