Structural Performance and Stability Enhancement of Diagrid Systems in High-Rise Buildings: A Review

Abstract

Rapid urbanisation and limited availability of land have increased the demand for high-rise buildings with efficient lateral-load-resisting systems. Diagrid structures have emerged as an effective alternative to conventional moment-resisting and tubular frames because their triangulated perimeter geometry resists gravity and lateral loads primarily through axial action. This review examines the development, structural behaviour, geometric optimisation, material selection, seismic response, and stability enhancement of diagrid systems. Existing studies indicate that diagrids provide high lateral stiffness, reduced storey displacement, lower inter-storey drift, improved torsional resistance, and economical material utilisation. The performance of a diagrid is strongly influenced by its diagonal angle, module height, building aspect ratio, member density, and connection detailing. Most studies identify an angle between approximately 65° and 75° as efficient for medium- and high-rise buildings, although variable-angle systems may be preferable for very slender towers. Steel remains the most widely adopted construction material, while reinforced-concrete and concrete-filled steel-tube diagrids provide alternative solutions. Research on shear-link devices demonstrates that supplemental energy-dissipating elements can improve ductility and seismic behaviour. However, the lateral stability of primary diagonal members between major nodes remains insufficiently studied. Secondary Bracing Systems represent a promising method for reducing displacement, drift, and local instability without substantially increasing structural weight.