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Exploring the Role of Industrial By-products in Geopolymer Concrete: A Review of Durability and Structural Properties
Abstract
Geopolymer concrete (GPC) represents a sustainable alternative to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), offering significant reductions in CO₂ emissions. This paper reviews the chemistry and manufacturing processes of GPC, focusing on the role of alumino-silicate-rich materials such as fly ash, slag, and rice husk ash. The chemical reaction mechanisms, including dissolution, hydrolysis, and polycondensation, are discussed, highlighting their influence on the strength and durability of GPC. Key studies have demonstrated that curing conditions, source materials, and additive types critically affect GPC’s mechanical properties. For instance, fly ash-based GPC can achieve compressive strengths of 60 MPa with optimized curing conditions, while additives like superplasticizers can enhance workability. Recent advances in incorporating GGBS and Rice Husk Ash (RHA) are also explored, offering potential for further research. The review underscores the viability of GPC as a replacement for conventional concrete in structural applications, although challenges in standardizing mix designs and understanding long-term performance remain.
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