Traditional Uses and Pharmacological Activities of Agnimantha (Clerodendrum Phlomidis)

Abstract

Clerodendrum phlomidis (Linn.)- commonly known as Agnimantha in Ayurveda is a medicinally important shrub of the family Lamiaceae, widely distributed in tropical and arid regions of India and neighboring countries. Traditionally, various parts of the plant have been utilized in indigenous systems of medicine for treating ailments such as diabetes, inflammation, asthma, rheumatism, fever, and urinary disorders. The plant forms an essential component of the Ayurvedic formulation Dashmoola, valued for balancing Vata and Kapha doshas. Phytochemical investigations reveal the presence of diverse bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, sterols, glycosides, and alkaloids, contributing to its broad pharmacological profile. Experimental studies confirm its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antiarthritic, anti-asthmatic, antihepatotoxic, and immunom, odulatory properties. Morphological and histochemical analyses further differentiate Clerodendrum phlomidis from substitute species such as Premna serratifolia and Premna mollissima. This comprehensive review highlights the ethnomedicinal relevance, phytochemical diversity, and pharmacological potential of Clerodendrum phlomidis, supporting its continued exploration as a source of novel therapeutic agents.