Utilization of Plastic Waste in Concrete: A Comprehensive Review on Mechanical, Thermal, and Acoustic Properties for Sustainable Construction

Abstract

This review explores various studies on the incorporation of waste plastics in concrete to enhance sustainability and reduce environmental impact. The inclusion of waste plastic, primarily in the form of plastic particles (PP) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET), has been investigated in several studies, focusing on mechanical, acoustical, and thermal properties of concrete. The research indicates that partial replacement of conventional aggregates with plastic waste can lead to lighter concrete with improved sound absorption and reduced thermal conductivity. However, it often results in decreased compressive strength, with reductions ranging from 20% to 50%, depending on the type and percentage of plastic used. While plastic content affects workability and density, the environmental benefits, such as reduced waste disposal and the conservation of natural resources, are substantial. Specific findings show that up to 5-10% plastic replacement is optimal for non-structural applications, while higher percentages, especially above 20%, can significantly compromise strength. Overall, the utilization of recycled plastics offers promising solutions for waste management and sustainable construction, although further research is required to optimize mix designs and ensure long-term durability.