Effects of Bypass Road Projects in Cagayan

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of bypass roads on traffic congestion, travel time, fuel consumption, and carbon emissions along the Maharlika Highway in the province of Cagayan, Philippines. The research focused on three municipalities—Sanchez Mira, Abulug, and Amulung—where completed bypass road projects are located. A quantitative research approach was employed, combining quasi-experimental and descriptive research designs. The quasi-experimental aspect involved field observation and data comparison between Maharlika Highway and the bypass roads, while the descriptive component focused on profiling the road projects and documenting current traffic conditions.

Using the Input-Process-Output framework, data were collected through a three-day midweek observation, capturing traffic volume, travel time, fuel consumption, and carbon footprints from 6:30 AM and 6:30 PM. Fuel consumption and carbon footprints were estimated based on average values provided by the Department of Energy for various vehicle types. Results revealed that the bypass roads contributed to reduced travel time and localized traffic decongestion, as well as slight improvements in fuel efficiency and lower carbon emissions.  However, the continued use of inefficient, high-emission vehicles limits broader environmental gains.

The findings suggest that while infrastructure improvements like bypass roads are effective in relieving congestion, they alone are insufficient for achieving long-term environmental sustainability. The study recommends integrated transport and environmental policies that promote cleaner vehicle technologies, encourage and patronize public utility vehicles, proper land-use planning, and smarter traffic management systems to maximize the benefits of infrastructure investments.