Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

An Indispensable Parameters of Genetics of Gastric Cancer Include Environmental Factors, Familial Risk Factors, Pre-Cancerous Lesions, Gastric Polyps, Chronic Gastritis and Endoscopic Assessment

Muralinath E., Somaiah T., Mala Kondaiah, Rama Chandraiah, Krishna Murthy. G., Sony Sharlet E., Devipriya B., Neha S., Guruprasad M.

Abstract


With over a million cases and a projected 769,000 deaths in 2020, gastric cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed malignancies worldwide. In 2020, this cancer ranked fourth in terms of cancer death and fifth in terms of cancer incidence worldwide. Gastric cancer is predicted to cause 10,780 deaths and 30,300 new cases in the US in 2025. Environmental factors, familial risk factors, precancerous lesions, stomach polyps, chronic gastritis, and endoscopic evaluation are all explained in this study.

 


Full Text:

PDF

References


Allemani, C., Matsuda, T., Di Carlo, V., Harewood, R., Matz, M., Nikšić, M., Bonaventure, A., Valkov, M., Johnson, C. J., Estève, J., Ogunbiyi, O. J., Silva, G. A., Chen, W. Q., Eser, S., Engholm, G., Stiller, C. A., Monnereau, A., Woods, R. R., Visser, O., ... Coleman, M. P. (2018). Global surveillance of trends in cancer survival 2000–2014 (CONCORD-3): Analysis of individual records for 37,513,025 patients diagnosed with one of 18 cancers from 322 population-based registries in 71 countries. The Lancet, 391(10125), 1023–1075. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33326-3

Sung, H., Ferlay, J., Siegel, R. L., Laversanne, M., Soerjomataram, I., Jemal, A., & Bray, F. (2021). Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 71(3), 209–249. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21660

American Cancer Society. (2025). Cancer facts & figures 2025. American Cancer Society.

Uson, P. L. S., Kunze, K. L., Golafshar, M. A., et al. (2022). Germline cancer testing in unselected patients with gastric and esophageal cancers: A multi-center prospective study. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 67(11), 5107–5115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-021-07389-7

Ku, G. Y., Kemel, Y., Maron, S. B., et al. (2021). Prevalence of germline alterations on targeted tumor-normal sequencing of esophagogastric cancer. JAMA Network Open, 4(7), e2114753. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.14753

Møller, P., Seppälä, T. T., Bernstein, I., et al. (2018). Cancer risk and survival in path_MMR carriers by gene and gender up to 75 years of age: A report from the Prospective Lynch Syndrome Database. Gut, 67(7), 1306–1316. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314057

Abraham, S. C., Nobukawa, B., Giardiello, F. M., Hamilton, S. R., & Wu, T. T. (2000). Fundic gland polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis: Neoplasms with frequent somatic adenomatous polyposis coli gene alterations. The American Journal of Pathology, 157(3), 747–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9440(10)64588-9

Giardiello, F. M., Brensinger, J. D., Tersmette, A. C., et al. (2000). Very high risk of cancer in familial Peutz–Jeghers syndrome. Gastroenterology, 119(6), 1447–1453. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2000.20228

Correa, P., Haenszel, W., Cuello, C., Tannenbaum, S., & Archer, M. (1975). A model for gastric cancer epidemiology. The Lancet, 306(7924), 58–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(75)90498-5

Hooi, J. K. Y., Lai, W. Y., Ng, W. K., et al. (2017). Global prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastroenterology, 153(2), 420–429. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2017.04.022

Usui, Y., Taniyama, Y., Endo, M., et al. (2023). Helicobacter pylori, homologous-recombination genes, and gastric cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine, 388(13), 1181–1190. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2211807

Tsugane, S., & Sasazuki, S. (2007). Diet and the risk of gastric cancer: Review of epidemiological evidence. Gastric Cancer, 10(2), 75–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10120-007-0420-0

Liu, S. J., Huang, P. D., Xu, J. M., et al. (2022). Diet and gastric cancer risk: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, 148(8), 1855–1868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-022-04073-z

Song, Y., Liu, X., Cheng, W., et al. (2022). The global, regional and national burden of stomach cancer and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2019. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 11542. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-15411-1

Shimizu, H., Mack, T. M., Ross, R. K., & Henderson, B. E. (1987). Cancer of the gastrointestinal tract among Japanese and white immigrants in Los Angeles County. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 78(2), 223–228.

Mousavi, S. M., Brandt, A., Weires, M., et al. (2010). Cancer incidence among Iranian immigrants in Sweden and Iranian residents compared to the native Swedish population. European Journal of Cancer, 46(3), 599–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2009.11.018

Lee, J., Demissie, K., Lu, S. E., & Rhoads, G. G. (2007). Cancer incidence among Korean-American immigrants in the United States and native Koreans in South Korea. Cancer Control, 14(1), 78–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/107327480701400111

Bouras, E., Tsilidis, K. K., Triggi, M., et al. (2022). Diet and risk of gastric cancer: An umbrella review. Nutrients, 14(9), Article 1764. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14091764

Poly, T. N., Lin, M. C., Syed-Abdul, S., et al. (2022). Proton pump inhibitor use and risk of gastric cancer: Current evidence from epidemiological studies and critical appraisal. Cancers, 14(13), Article 3058. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14133058

Shah, S. C., McKinley, M., Gupta, S., et al. (2020). Population-based analysis of differences in gastric cancer incidence among races and ethnicities in individuals age 50 years and older. Gastroenterology, 159(5), 1705–1714.e2. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.07.048


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.