Review on Fingerprint and OTP Based Ignition System

Abstract

Vehicle theft and unauthorized access are significant security concerns that highlight the need for reliable and intelligent vehicle authentication systems. Conventional vehicle ignition systems primarily depend on mechanical or electronic keys, which may be lost, duplicated, or misused. This paper presents a Biometric Vehicle Ignition with Emergency OTP Access system that integrates fingerprint-based authentication with One-Time Password (OTP) verification to provide secure and controlled vehicle access. The proposed system uses an ESP32 microcontroller as the central processing unit, interfaced with a fingerprint sensor and an electronic relay-based ignition control mechanism. During normal operation, the vehicle ignition is enabled only after successful verification of a registered fingerprint. In situations where biometric authentication is unavailable or emergency access is required, a time-limited OTP is generated and delivered to the authorized vehicle owner through the selected communication channel. The user must enter the valid OTP for verification before the ignition is activated. Invalid, expired, or unauthorized authentication attempts keep the ignition disabled. The developed prototype is evaluated using authorized and unauthorized authentication attempts, with parameters such as authentication accuracy, OTP verification success rate, and response time considered for performance evaluation. The proposed system provides a low-cost, reliable, and dual-layer vehicle security mechanism while introducing an emergency authentication facility for controlled temporary access.