Objectives, Etiology, Pathophysiology, Histopathology, Evaluation, Differential Diagnosis and Treatment of Retinitis Pigmentosa

Abstract

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of genetic eye disorders manifested by the progressive degeneration of photoreceptor cells in the retina, resulting in vision loss. It typically starts with night blindness and gradually narrows the visual field, often leading to tunnel vision. Mutations cause RP in various genes responsible for regulating the health of photoreceptor cells, influencing their ability to respond to light. As RP progresses, individuals may experience difficulty with tasks requiring peripheral vision, like navigating in dimly lit environments or recognizing faces from a distance. Color vision can also be impacted in some cases. While there is currently no cure for RP, ongoing research is investigating potential treatments and therapies to slow its progression or restore vision in patients with RP. Management often is related to low-vision aids, orientation, and mobility training to help individuals adapt to their changing vision. The underlying pathophysiology that results in retinal dysfunction is covered in this activity, along with diagnostic procedures such as a suitable physical examination and appropriate referral for a professional evaluation. Also discussed in this activity is the requirement for appropriate education for patients and their families to keep RP patients abreast of potential treatments and the roles of the interprofessional healthcare team and regulatory bodies in implementing best practices for treating and preventing this disease to improve patient outcomes are presented.