Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

An Essential Parameters of Clostridium Perfringens Infection Include Objectives, Etiology, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Histopathophysiology, Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, Treatment and Prognosis

Muralinath E., Somaiah T., Mala Kondaiah, Rama Chandraiah, Krishna Murthy, Sony Sharlet E., Ram Prakash, Swaminathan M. S., Guruprasad M.

Abstract


The anaerobic Gram-positive spore-forming bacillus Clostridium perfringens is linked to acute gastrointestinal infections in people that range in severity from diarrhea to necrotizing enterocolitis and myonecrosis. This pathogen can produce spores that are resistant to environmental stress and has an arsenal of poisons necessary for disease development. Spores of C. perfringens may withstand typical cooking temperatures. Therefore, it can expand in foods that are improperly stored. Outbreaks are most commonly related to improperly heated or reheated gravy, poultry, or meats. The epidemiology, pathophysiology, and other important aspects relevant to the interprofessional team's treatment of patients with Clostridium perfringens infections will be explained in this activity.

 


Full Text:

PDF

References


Lucey, B. P., & Hutchins, G. M. (2004). William H. Welch, MD, and the discovery of Bacillus welchii. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 128(10), 1193–1195. https://doi.org/10.5858/2004-128-1193-WHWMDA

Navarro, M. A., McClane, B. A., & Uzal, F. A. (2018). Mechanisms of action and cell death associated with Clostridium perfringens toxins. Toxins, 10(5), 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins10050212

Grass, J. E., Gould, L. H., & Mahon, B. E. (2013). Epidemiology of foodborne disease outbreaks caused by Clostridium perfringens, United States, 1998–2010. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 10(2), 131–136. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2012.1316

Dewey-Mattia, D., Manikonda, K., Hall, A. J., Wise, M. E., & Crowe, S. J. (2018). Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks—United States, 2009–2015. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 67(10), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.ss6710a1

Scallan, E., Hoekstra, R. M., Angulo, F. J., Tauxe, R. V., Widdowson, M. A., Roy, S. L., Jones, J. L., & Griffin, P. M. (2011). Foodborne illness acquired in the United States—Major pathogens. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1701.P11101

Ma, M., Li, J., & McClane, B. A. (2012). Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolates from Darmbrand cases in post-World War II Germany. Infection and Immunity, 80(12), 4354–4363. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.00818-12

Poka, H., & Duke, T. (2003). In search of pigbel: Gone or just forgotten in the highlands of Papua New Guinea? Papua New Guinea Medical Journal, 46(3–4), 135–142.

Duke, T., Poka, H., Myers, S., Radcliffe, J., & Pavlin, B. I. (2013). Pigbel in the 21st century: Still here, and still in need of an effective surveillance system. Papua New Guinea Medical Journal, 56(3–4), 136–140.

Chi, C. H., Chen, K. W., Huang, J. J., Chuang, Y. C., & Wu, M. H. (1995). Gas composition in Clostridium septicum gas gangrene. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 94(12), 757–759.

Titball, R. W., Naylor, C. E., & Basak, A. K. (1999). The Clostridium perfringens alpha-toxin. Anaerobe, 5(2), 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1006/anae.1999.0192

Takehara, M., Takagishi, T., Seike, S., Ohtani, K., Kobayashi, K., Miyamoto, K., Shimizu, T., & Nagahama, M. (2016). Clostridium perfringens α-toxin impairs innate immunity via inhibition of neutrophil differentiation. Scientific Reports, 6, 28192. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep28192

Nagahama, M., Ochi, S., Oda, M., Miyamoto, K., Takehara, M., & Kobayashi, K. (2015). Recent insights into Clostridium perfringens beta-toxin. Toxins, 7(2), 396–406. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7020396

Popoff, M. R. (2011). Epsilon toxin: A fascinating pore-forming toxin. FEBS Journal, 278(23), 4602–4615. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2011.08145.x

Takehara, M., Takagishi, T., Seike, S., Oda, M., Sakaguchi, Y., Hisatsune, J., Ochi, S., Kobayashi, K., & Nagahama, M. (2017). Cellular entry of Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin and Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin. Toxins, 9(8), 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9080247

Keyburn, A. L., Boyce, J. D., Vaz, P., Bannam, T. L., Ford, M. E., Parker, D., Di Rubbo, A., Rood, J. I., & Moore, R. J. (2008). NetB, a new toxin that is associated with avian necrotic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens. PLoS Pathogens, 4(2), e26. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.0040026

Awad, M. M., Ellemor, D. M., Boyd, R. L., Emmins, J. J., & Rood, J. I. (2001). Synergistic effects of alpha-toxin and perfringolysin O in Clostridium perfringens-mediated gas gangrene. Infection and Immunity, 69(12), 7904–7910. https://doi.org/10.1128/IAI.69.12.7904-7910.2001

Kiu, R., & Hall, L. J. (2018). An update on the human and animal enteric pathogen Clostridium perfringens. Emerging Microbes & Infections, 7(1), 141. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41426-018-0144-8

Buboltz, J. B., & Murphy-Lavoie, H. M. (2023). Gas gangrene. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537030/

Basta, M., & Annamaraju, P. (2023). Bacterial spores. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537030/

Bätge, B., Filejski, W., Kurowski, V., Klüter, H., & Djonlagic, H. (1992). Clostridial sepsis with massive intravascular hemolysis: Rapid diagnosis and successful treatment. Intensive Care Medicine, 18(8), 488–490. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01694349

van Bunderen, C. C., Bomers, M. K., Wesdorp, E., Peerbooms, P., & Veenstra, J. (2010). Clostridium perfringens septicaemia with massive intravascular haemolysis: A case report and review of the literature. Netherlands Journal of Medicine, 68(9), 343–346.

Matsuda, T., Okada, Y., Inagi, E., Tanabe, Y., Shimizu, Y., Nagashima, K., Sakurai, J., Nagahama, M., & Tanaka, S. (2007). Enteritis necroticans ("pigbel") in a Japanese diabetic adult. Pathology International, 57(9), 622–626. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1827.2007.02149.x


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.