Open Access Open Access  Restricted Access Subscription Access

Effects of Hypercapnea On Blood, Respiration, Cardio Vascular System, Central Nervous System and Causes of Hypercapnea, Skip Breathing, Clinical Signs of Hypercapnea, Pathology and Treatment of Hypercapnea

Pavan Eshwar Reddy.K, Mohan Naidu. K., Amrutham Sandeep, Murali Nath. E, Sravani Pragna. K, Chapalamadugu . C. Kalyan, Manjari. P, Guru Prasad .M

Abstract


The reduction in minute volume, an enhancement in dead space as well as CO2 concentration comes under pathophysiological mechanisms of hypercapnea. Hypercapnea shows more acidity of blood, dyspnea, tachycardia and hypercapnea. Hypercapnea leads to the occurrence of reduced consciousness, hypoventilation as well as lung disease also. Regular respiration in several results in alveolar hypoventilation and information to the occurrence of hypercapnea. Hypercapnea shows less gas exchange, low respiratory rate (RR). Treatment of hypercapnea is linked to oxygen therapy.

 


Full Text:

PDF

References


Patel, S., Miao, J. H., Yetiskul, E., Anokhin, A., & Majmundar, S. H. (2018). Physiology, carbon dioxide retention.

Kenyon, K., & Kenyon, J. (2009). The physiotherapist’s pocket book: essential facts at your fingertips. Churchill Livingstone.

McEvoy, R. D., Pierce, R. J., Hillman, D., Esterman, A., Ellis, E. E., Catcheside, P. G., ... & Grunstein, R. R. (2009). Nocturnal non-invasive nasal ventilation in stable hypercapnic COPD: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax, 64(7), 561-566.

Budweiser, S., Jörres, R. A., & Pfeifer, M. (2008). Treatment of respiratory failure in COPD. International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 3(4), 605-618.

Eckert, D. J., Jordan, A. S., Merchia, P., & Malhotra, A. (2007). Central sleep apnea: pathophysiology and treatment. Chest, 131(2), 595-607.

Pakulski, C., & Drobnik, L. (1997). Pathophysiology of hypercapnia. Przeglad Lekarski, 54(3), 185-188.

West, J. B. (2011). Causes of and compensations for hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Comprehensive physiology, 1(3), 1541-1553.

Rawat, D., Modi, P., & Sharma, S. (2022). Hypercapnea. In StatPearls [Internet]. StatPearls Publishing.

Antonelli, M., Pennisi, M. A., Pelosi, P., Gregoretti, C., Squadrone, V., Rocco, M., ... & Conti, G. (2004). Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation using a helmet in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a feasibility study. The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, 100(1), 16-24.

Niewoehner, D. E., Rice, K., Cote, C., Paulson, D., Cooper Jr, J. A. D., Korducki, L., ... & Kesten, S. (2005). Prevention of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with tiotropium, a once-daily inhaled anticholinergic bronchodilator: a randomized trial. Annals of internal medicine, 143(5), 317-326.

Rabe, K. F., Hurd, S., Anzueto, A., Barnes, P. J., Buist, S. A., Calverley, P., ... & Zielinski, J. (2007). Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: GOLD executive summary. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 176(6), 532-555.

Dial, S., & Menzies, D. (2006). Is there a role for mask continuous positive airway pressure in acute respiratory failure due to COPD? Lessons from a retrospective audit of 3 different cohorts. International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 1(1), 65-72.

Sakuta, Y., Kuroda, N., Tsuge, M., & Fujita, Y. (2015). Hypercapnic respiratory distress and loss of consciousness: a complication of supraclavicular brachial plexus block. JA Clinical Reports, 1(1), 1-5.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.